Haemorrhoids (Piles)

About Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are swellings that develop due to the engorgement of veins in the rectal and anal areas. They present with discomfort, bleeding during bowel movements, and potentially pain if thrombosis occurs. Risk factors contributing to their development include chronic constipation, straining, a low-fibre diet, and prolonged sitting. The importance of early management lies in preventing progression and complications. Treatment varies from lifestyle modifications and topical treatments to procedural interventions in severe cases.

Symptoms

The symptoms of haemorrhoids (piles) include discomfort, itching, and pain around the anus, especially during bowel movements. Common signs include:

• Itching or irritation in the anal region.
• Pain or discomfort around the anus.
• Swelling around the anus.
• Bleeding, which may be noticeable during or after bowel movements.
• A feeling of fullness or a lump at the anus, which may be painful if thrombosed.

These symptoms can vary depending on whether the haemorrhoids are internal or external. Internal haemorrhoids are usually less painful and might not be felt unless they prolapse, whereas external haemorrhoids can be more painful and are typically felt as a lump near the anus. If symptoms persist or if there is significant bleeding or pain, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out more serious conditions and discuss appropriate treatment options.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing haemorrhoids (piles), typically involves several steps to determine the presence and type of haemorrhoids:

• Medical History Assessment: The doctor will start with a thorough review of your symptoms and medical history. Questions may focus on your bowel habits, diet, presence of blood in the stool, and any history of digestive diseases.
• Physical Examination: This includes a visual inspection of the anal region to identify external haemorrhoids. The doctor may look for any signs of swelling, inflammation, or external hemorrhoidal tags.
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE): During this exam, a doctor wears a glove and lubricates a finger to gently palpate the inside of the rectum. This helps in identifying internal haemorrhoids and assessing any abnormalities in the anal canal’s structure.
• Anoscopy: A small instrument, an anoscope, is inserted into the rectum to provide a clear view of the internal haemorrhoids and the lining of the rectum. This procedure is commonly used if internal haemorrhoids are suspected.
• Additional Diagnostic Tests: If there’s a need to explore further, especially to rule out other causes of bleeding or anaemia, a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy might be recommended. These procedures allow the doctor to examine the lower or entire colon respectively, looking for polyps, cancer, or other conditions that could cause similar symptoms.

The diagnostic process helps to confirm the presence of haemorrhoids and also aids in planning the appropriate treatment, which could range from lifestyle adjustments and medications to more invasive procedures if necessary.

Treatment

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can offer significant relief from the symptoms of haemorrhoids. These products typically include creams, ointments, suppositories, and gels that can reduce swelling, alleviate pain, and soothe itching. Here are four products that we highlight for their effectiveness in managing haemorrhoids:

Anusol Plus HC Ointment: Aids in relieving swelling, itching, and irritation associated with haemorrhoids.
Anusol Plus HC Suppositories: These are inserted rectally to directly help relieve the discomfort of internal haemorrhoids.
Anusol Cream: Works to shrink hemorrhoidal tissue, relieve discomfort, and soothe itching.
Preparation H Clear Gel: Provides cooling relief for sore skin due to piles, with hamamelis water as the active ingredient known for its soothing properties.

Each of these products is designed to target the discomfort caused by both internal and external haemorrhoids, offering patients a range of options depending on their symptoms and preferences. It’s always recommended to use these treatments as directed and consult a healthcare provider if symptoms persist or worsen.

Prevention Strategies

Preventing haemorrhoids involves a few practical steps that can reduce the risk of developing this uncomfortable condition. Experts recommend the following strategies:

• Fibre Intake: Increase the consumption of high-fibre foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. A fibre-rich diet can help prevent constipation and straining, which are major contributing factors to haemorrhoids.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids, aiming for 6 to 8 glasses of water per day. Adequate hydration softens the stool, which can prevent straining during bowel movements.
• Timely Bathroom Habits: Respond to the urge to have a bowel movement promptly. Delaying can harden the stools and lead to straining.
• Exercise: Engage in regular exercise to stimulate bowel function and prevent constipation. Exercise also helps in managing weight, which can be a contributing factor to haemorrhoids.
• Avoid Prolonged Sitting: Long periods of sitting, particularly on the toilet, can increase the pressure on the veins in the anal and rectal area, so keep these sessions brief.
• Fibre Supplements: If your diet lacks fibre, consider fibre supplements. They can improve stool bulk and consistency, aiding in smoother bowel movements.
• Avoid Straining: When passing stool, avoid straining, which increases the pressure on the veins in the lower rectum.
• Proper Lifting Techniques: Use proper form and techniques when lifting heavy objects to prevent excessive strain on the body.
• Consultation With a Doctor: If you experience changes in bowel habits or if conservative measures do not alleviate symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for personalised advice and treatment options.

By adopting these measures, many individuals can prevent the onset of haemorrhoids or manage their symptoms more effectively.

Related Reading

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